Queen Nefertari, the Royal Spouse of Pharaoh Ramses II: A Multidisciplinary Investigation of the Mummified Remains Found in Her Tomb (QV66)
Identifieur interne : 000008 ( France/Analysis ); précédent : 000007; suivant : 000009Queen Nefertari, the Royal Spouse of Pharaoh Ramses II: A Multidisciplinary Investigation of the Mummified Remains Found in Her Tomb (QV66)
Auteurs : Michael E. Habicht [Suisse] ; Raffaella Bianucci [Italie, France] ; Stephen A. Buckley [Royaume-Uni] ; Joann Fletcher [Royaume-Uni] ; Abigail S. Bouwman [Suisse] ; Lena M. Öhrström [Suisse] ; Roger Seiler [Suisse] ; Francesco M. Galassi [Suisse] ; Irka Hajdas [Suisse] ; Eleni Vassilika [Italie] ; Thomas Böni [Suisse] ; Maciej Henneberg [Australie] ; Frank J. Rühli [Suisse]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Queen Nefertari, the favourite Royal Consort of Pharaoh Ramses II (Ancient Egypt, New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty c. 1250 BC) is famous for her beautifully decorated tomb in the Valley of the Queens. Her burial was plundered in ancient times yet still many objects were found broken in the debris when the tomb was excavated. Amongst the found objects was a pair of mummified legs. They came to the Egyptian Museum in Turin and are henceforth regarded as the remains of this famous Queen, although they were never scientifically investigated. The following multidisciplinary investigation is the first ever performed on those remains. The results (radiocarbon dating, anthropology, paleopathology, genetics, chemistry and Egyptology) all strongly speak in favour of an identification of the remains as Nefertari’s, although different explanations—albeit less likely—are considered and discussed. The legs probably belong to a lady, a fully adult individual, of about 40 years of age. The materials used for embalming are consistent with Ramesside mummification traditions and indeed all objects within the tomb robustly support the burial as of Queen Nefertari.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166571
PubMed: 27902731
PubMed Central: 5130223
Affiliations:
- Australie, France, Italie, Royaume-Uni, Suisse
- Canton de Zurich, Piémont, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
- Marseille, Turin, Zurich
- Université de Zurich
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Habicht</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bianucci, Raffaella" sort="Bianucci, Raffaella" uniqKey="Bianucci R" first="Raffaella" last="Bianucci">Raffaella Bianucci</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>University of Turin, Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, Legal Medicine Section, Turin, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Turin, Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, Legal Medicine Section, Turin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>UMR 7258, Laboratoire d’Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Etique & Santé (Adés), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UMR 7258, Laboratoire d’Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Etique & Santé (Adés), Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buckley, Stephen A" sort="Buckley, Stephen A" uniqKey="Buckley S" first="Stephen A." last="Buckley">Stephen A. Buckley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>University of York, Department of Archaeology, York, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of York, Department of Archaeology, York</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>York</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>BioArCh, Departments of Archaeology, Biology & Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>BioArCh, Departments of Archaeology, Biology & Chemistry, University of York, York</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>York</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fletcher, Joann" sort="Fletcher, Joann" uniqKey="Fletcher J" first="Joann" last="Fletcher">Joann Fletcher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>University of York, Department of Archaeology, York, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of York, Department of Archaeology, York</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>York</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>BioArCh, Departments of Archaeology, Biology & Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>BioArCh, Departments of Archaeology, Biology & Chemistry, University of York, York</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>York</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouwman, Abigail S" sort="Bouwman, Abigail S" uniqKey="Bouwman A" first="Abigail S." last="Bouwman">Abigail S. Bouwman</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohrstrom, Lena M" sort="Ohrstrom, Lena M" uniqKey="Ohrstrom L" first="Lena M." last="Öhrström">Lena M. Öhrström</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>University Hospital Zurich, Department of Radiology, Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University Hospital Zurich, Department of Radiology, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zurich</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seiler, Roger" sort="Seiler, Roger" uniqKey="Seiler R" first="Roger" last="Seiler">Roger Seiler</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galassi, Francesco M" sort="Galassi, Francesco M" uniqKey="Galassi F" first="Francesco M." last="Galassi">Francesco M. Galassi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hajdas, Irka" sort="Hajdas, Irka" uniqKey="Hajdas I" first="Irka" last="Hajdas">Irka Hajdas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Ion Beam Physics. Labor f. Ionenstrahlphysik (LIP), ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Ion Beam Physics. Labor f. Ionenstrahlphysik (LIP), ETH Zürich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zurich</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vassilika, Eleni" sort="Vassilika, Eleni" uniqKey="Vassilika E" first="Eleni" last="Vassilika">Eleni Vassilika</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Fondazione Museo Egizio of Turin, Turin, Italy</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Fondazione Museo Egizio of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boni, Thomas" sort="Boni, Thomas" uniqKey="Boni T" first="Thomas" last="Böni">Thomas Böni</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henneberg, Maciej" sort="Henneberg, Maciej" uniqKey="Henneberg M" first="Maciej" last="Henneberg">Maciej Henneberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Adelaide</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruhli, Frank J" sort="Ruhli, Frank J" uniqKey="Ruhli F" first="Frank J." last="Rühli">Frank J. Rühli</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Queen Nefertari, the favourite Royal Consort of Pharaoh Ramses II (Ancient Egypt, New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty c. 1250 BC) is famous for her beautifully decorated tomb in the Valley of the Queens. Her burial was plundered in ancient times yet still many objects were found broken in the debris when the tomb was excavated. Amongst the found objects was a pair of mummified legs. They came to the Egyptian Museum in Turin and are henceforth regarded as the remains of this famous Queen, although they were never scientifically investigated. The following multidisciplinary investigation is the first ever performed on those remains. The results (radiocarbon dating, anthropology, paleopathology, genetics, chemistry and Egyptology) all strongly speak in favour of an identification of the remains as Nefertari’s, although different explanations—albeit less likely—are considered and discussed. The legs probably belong to a lady, a fully adult individual, of about 40 years of age. The materials used for embalming are consistent with Ramesside mummification traditions and indeed all objects within the tomb robustly support the burial as of Queen Nefertari.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vassilika, E" uniqKey="Vassilika E">E Vassilika</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dodson, A" uniqKey="Dodson A">A Dodson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hilton, D" uniqKey="Hilton D">D Hilton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leblanc, C" uniqKey="Leblanc C">C Leblanc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siliotti, A" uniqKey="Siliotti A">A Siliotti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hari, R" uniqKey="Hari R">R Hari</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, 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Rühli</name><name sortKey="Seiler, Roger" sort="Seiler, Roger" uniqKey="Seiler R" first="Roger" last="Seiler">Roger Seiler</name></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Piémont"><name sortKey="Bianucci, Raffaella" sort="Bianucci, Raffaella" uniqKey="Bianucci R" first="Raffaella" last="Bianucci">Raffaella Bianucci</name></region><name sortKey="Vassilika, Eleni" sort="Vassilika, Eleni" uniqKey="Vassilika E" first="Eleni" last="Vassilika">Eleni Vassilika</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur"><name sortKey="Bianucci, Raffaella" sort="Bianucci, Raffaella" uniqKey="Bianucci R" first="Raffaella" last="Bianucci">Raffaella Bianucci</name></region></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Buckley, Stephen A" sort="Buckley, Stephen A" uniqKey="Buckley S" first="Stephen A." last="Buckley">Stephen A. Buckley</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Buckley, Stephen A" sort="Buckley, Stephen A" uniqKey="Buckley S" first="Stephen A." last="Buckley">Stephen A. Buckley</name><name sortKey="Fletcher, Joann" sort="Fletcher, Joann" uniqKey="Fletcher J" first="Joann" last="Fletcher">Joann Fletcher</name><name sortKey="Fletcher, Joann" sort="Fletcher, Joann" uniqKey="Fletcher J" first="Joann" last="Fletcher">Joann Fletcher</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Henneberg, Maciej" sort="Henneberg, Maciej" uniqKey="Henneberg M" first="Maciej" last="Henneberg">Maciej Henneberg</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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